近50年来杭州湾七姊八妹列岛海域海床演变分析     

王卫远  贾建伟  杨娟  何倩倩 《台湾海峡》2014,(4):581-584

七姊八妹列岛海域位于杭州湾南部的灰鳖洋内,除了岛礁周围局部存有深沟外,其余地区海床平缓.为了探究该海域海床演变情况,在了解杭州湾来水来沙特征基础上,分析了七姊八妹列岛海域的水动力、悬沙和底质分布特征.不同时期海图的对比分析表明,该海域近岸水深较小,人类活动频繁,围涂筑堤工程较多,一直处于淤积状态,属淤涨型岸滩,而离岸较远的海域,泥沙难于落淤而随潮反复搬运,基本处于冲淤平衡状态.1962～2008年这46 a间,七姊八妹列岛海域总体呈现与岸线走向一致的淤积、冲刷间隔分布的冲淤带.平均淤积厚度约2.2 m,淤积幅度约5.0 cm/a,大多数地方平均冲刷厚度约2.4 m,冲刷幅度约5.0 cm/a.这些特点与当地的水动力条件和泥沙沉积特性相一致.  相似文献   

南海西部海底巨型麻坑活动性示踪研究     

关永贤  罗敏  陈琳莹  王淑红  颜文  王宏斌  陈多福 《地球化学》2014,(6):628-639

南海西部陆坡海域海底广泛发育麻坑,其规模和数量在世界范围内均属罕见,但关于它们目前的活动特征尚不清楚。通过对西沙隆起西南部麻坑区采集的两根沉积柱样孔隙水SO^2–4、K^＋、Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋、Sr^2＋以及溶解有机碳（DIC）含量随深度的变化特征的研究,揭示麻坑内与硫酸根消耗有关的生物地球化学过程,并推断麻坑目前的活动状况。采集于麻坑外的C9柱样SO^2–4浓度变化整体呈向下凹的形态降低,减少的硫酸根是被有机质硫酸盐还原作用消耗。采集于麻坑内的C14柱样SO^2–4浓度梯度呈现明显的三段式变化,0.00-0.66 m内SO2–4浓度变化主要受有机质硫酸盐还原作用控制,0.66-3.70 m受有机质硫酸盐还原和甲烷缺氧氧化共同控制,3.70 m以下部分主要受甲烷缺氧氧化作用的影响。根据C14柱样3.7 m以下孔隙水硫酸根浓度梯度计算的硫酸根-甲烷交接带（SMI）约在14.3 m处,甲烷向上扩散的通量约为0.0144 mol/（m^2·a）。此外,2个柱样沉积物孔隙水的Ca^2＋浓度均随深度明显降低,而Mg2＋浓度略微降低,主要与自生碳酸盐矿物沉淀有关。C14的Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca随深度变化指示该柱样沉积物中自生碳酸盐岩矿物主要为高镁方解石。2个柱样的孔隙水地球化学特征显示目前研究区麻坑活动不活跃, C14麻坑中含甲烷流体发生微弱渗漏,可能处于麻坑活动的衰落期。  相似文献   

Flow,frequency, and uncertainty estimation for an extreme historical flood event in the Highlands of Scotland,UK     

David Cameron 《水文研究》2007,21(11):1460-1470

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滚动轴承内外圈滚道的磁力研磨研究     

张世亮 《广东海洋大学学报》1994,(1)

采用直流励磁装置、磁性磨料及工件共同构成磁加工系统。磁性磨料在磁场的作用下，对轴承内、外圈滚道以磁刷的形式进行研磨。由于磨料的可流动性，加工时既能满足对被加工表面粗糙度的加工要求，又能较好地保持工件原有的形位精度；且加工后在被加工表面形成一定的压应力，使工件的抗疲劳强度提高，使用寿命延长。  相似文献   

Measuring the flow resistance of submerged grass     

C. A. M. E. Wilson  M. S. Horritt 《水文研究》2002,16(13):2589-2598

Through laboratory experiments conducted in a grass‐lined flume, the hydraulic resistance of grass is measured and quantified. For the grass examined, it is found that Manning's n value is greater than those recommended in well‐established texts such as Chow (1959. Open Channel Flow. McGraw‐Hill: Singapore), relatively lower than those predicted by n‐UR methods, but corresponds well with the value found from calibration studies of two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical models. The assumption of a uniform Manning's n value with flow depth, which is often made in numerical modelling, may be invalid depending on the relative submergence of the vegetation. Drag coefficients are evaluated for a method applicable to three‐dimensional numerical models. Further detailed experimental investigation and application of these approaches within a numerical modelling framework is now recommended. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Response of a porous seabed around breakwater heads   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Li  D.-S. Jeng   《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(8-9):864-886

The evaluation of wave-induced pore pressures and effective stresses in a porous seabed near a breakwater head is important for coastal engineers involved in the design of marine structures. Most previous studies have been limited to two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) cases in front of a breakwater. In this study, we focus on the problem near breakwater heads that consists of incident, reflected and diffracted waves. Both wave-induced oscillatory and residual liquefactions will be considered in our new models. The mistake in the previous work [Jeng, D.-S., 1996. Wave-induced liquefaction potential at the tip of a breakwater. Applied Ocean Research 18(5), 229–241] for oscillatory mechanism is corrected, while a new 3D boundary value problem describing residual mechanism is established. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the influences of several wave and soil parameters on wave-induced oscillatory and residual liquefactions around breakwater heads.  相似文献   

基于剖面声呐的海底微地貌观测研究^*          下载免费PDF全文

田壮才  彭子奇  贾永刚  张明伟 《古地理学报》2022,24(1):180-190

海底地貌是海水覆盖下的固体地球表面形态的总称。海底地貌巨变往往与海底地质灾害息息相关,会对海底管线和海上平台等海洋工程设施造成危害,因而对海底地貌进行原位观测具有重要意义。本研究基于前人研究成果和团队常年自主研发仪器经验,研制出了剖面声呐海底微地貌原位观测系统,详细介绍了观测系统的组成、功能、工作原理和工作模式,并提出了观测数据的处理分析方法;然后,使用观测系统进行了标志物检验实验,通过将观测系统测量数据与其他设备测量数据相对比,验证了观测系统的可行性和数据准确性;最后,使用观测系统在舟山海域朱家尖滑坡区进行原位观测,进一步验证了观测系统的可行性。观测结果进一步表明剖面声呐观测系统可以用于海底微地貌的观测研究。  相似文献   

刚性挡墙后非饱和土破坏模式及主动土压力计算     

邓波  杨明辉  王东星  樊军伟 《岩土力学》2022,43(9):2371-2382

目前主动土压力计算方法多仅针对土体处于饱和或干燥状态,忽略了其从非饱和到局部饱和,或饱和到非饱和的渐变过程,进而导致计算结果失真。鉴于此,首先开展了一系列刚性挡墙非饱和砂土主动土压力模型试验,揭示了墙后土体的破坏规律：（1）墙后土体顶部出现了近似竖直裂缝,且其发展深度随墙面粗糙度和含水率的增加而变大;（2）墙土界面摩擦对塑性区形状影响较小,且在挡墙移动过程中,墙后土体塑性区形状始终近似保持为平面。在试验基础上,引入广义有效应力原理,基于极限平衡分析建立了考虑吸应力效应的非饱和土主动土压力计算方法,理论与试验实测值表明,所提方法相比其他方法,更接近于试验值。分析了各主要因素对非饱和土压力分布规律的影响,结果表明：主动土压力随有效内摩擦角值增加而减少,而界面摩擦角对其分布影响较小;相比于无吸力情况,考虑吸力时主动土压力更小;随着进气值增加,吸应力对主动土压力的贡献减少,最终趋于恒定。  相似文献   

Determination of allowable subgrade frost heave with the pavement roughness index in numerical analysis     

HongYan M  Feng Zhang  DeCheng Feng  Bo Lin 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(5):587-593

Frost heave is an upward swelling of soil during cryogenic conditions in cold regions. It is caused by the accumulation of ice crystals in subgrade soil, which grow upwards when freezing temperatures penetrate into the subgrade. This study establishes the allowable soil subgrade frost heave based on the roughness standard of asphalt pavement in China, and aims to balance the pavement design and frost heave resistance of subgrades in cold regions. We formulated a mechanical model of pavement supported by the boundary conditions of differential frost heave, based on the elastic layered system theory. The differential soil subgrade frost heave was modeled as a sinusoidal function, and the allowable frost heave and the roughness index were modeled as the displacement boundaries for the top and bottom of the pavement structure. Then the allowable frost heave was back-calculated according to the roughness standard. Numerical results show that the allowable frost heave depends on the pavement structure, material properties, the highway grade, and other factors. In order to ensure that the actual soil subgrade frost heave is lower than the allowable frost heave, pavement structures and materials need to be selected and designed carefully. The numerical method proposed here can be applied to establish the frost heave resistance of subgrade when the pavement structure and materials are determined.  相似文献   

A coupled modeling study of mechanical and thermodynamical air-ocean interface processes under sea storm conditions     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2020

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